System Design Criteria
According to Tubular Settlers-A Technical Review, from the Journal AWWA, 331:335 (June 1978), written by Mr. Roderick M. Willis, there are three basic requirements essential for successful performance of tube settlers.
1. There must be laminar (or viscous) flow conditions within the tubes at the maximum flow rate required. Laminar flow is essential so that each slowly-settling floc particle within a tube maintains a steady descent to the collecting surface of the tube and is not intermittently swept upward by turbulent currents within the tube.
2. The residence time within each tube must be ample so that a floc particle entering at the extreme upper edge of the tube will have sufficient time to settle to the collecting surface a vertical distance below. (Once the particle reaches the collecting surface, the coalescing tendency between particles creates a steady sludge formation).
3. The velocity of flow through the tubes must not exceed a critical maximum that would cause the settled sludge to lose stability and be swept out of the tube in the direction of normal flow. As a corollary, the volume of the tube must be ample to allow either accumulation or a continual discharge backward of all sludge, without critically changing the normal flow rate through the tube
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